Application of traditional teaching combined with PBL in the teaching of transfusion medicine——taking Clinical Blood Transfusion Testing Technique as an example / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the application effect of traditional teaching combined with problem based learning (PBL) in the teaching of transfusion medicine taking the chapter of Human Leukocyte Antigen System and Testing in Clinical Blood Transfusion Testing Technique as an example. 【Methods】 Firstly, practical problems in chapter Human Leukocyte Antigen System and Testing were analyzed. Then, in response to the key and difficult points in the teaching of this chapter, examples were given to illustrate the practical application of traditional teaching combined with PBL in the teaching of Clinical Blood Transfusion Testing Technique from the aspects of teaching objectives, teaching processes, course implementation and implementation effects. The teaching effectiveness was evaluated through a questionnaire. 【Results】 Traditional teaching combined with PBL helped students grasp important knowledge and techniques, break down thinking barriers, grasp internal connections and characteristics, simplify the learning process, stimulate interest in learning and enhance team collaboration. Meanwhile, students' exploration and innovation abilities could be further cultivated through extracurricular expansion by teachers, thus achieving ideal teaching effect. The questionnaire showed that over 90% of the students consider that combining traditional teaching with PBL was beneficial for improving teaching effect. 【Conclusion】 In the teaching of transfusion medicine, adopting traditional teaching combined with PBL according to the textbook content can improve the teaching effect, which is beneficial for the cultivation of comprehensive talents.

Polymorphism analysis of HLA-B alleles in Jiangsu Han population from 8 prefecture-level cities / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the frequencies of HLA-B alleles in Jiangsu Han population from Chinese Marrow Donor Program (CMDP) Jiangsu Branch in 8 prefecture-level cities, compare and analyze the distribution of common susceptible alleles at HLA-B locus in 8 prefecture-level cities. 【Methods】 The HLA-B locus of 27 249 unrelated volunteers from CMDP Jiangsu Branch were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–sequence based typing (PCR-SBT) method, and frequencies of HLA-B alleles of 8 prefecture-level cities were calculated and compared. 【Results】 A total of 145 HLA-B alleles were detected in Jiangsu Han population, among them 104, 113, 83, 88, 88, 85, 84, 72 HLA-B alleles were detected in Changzhou, Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Huai’an, Suqian, Xuzhou, and Yancheng Han population, respectively. In general, the common alleles in Changzhou, Yangzhou and Zhenjiang were very similar, and the most common alleles were B*46∶01, 13∶02, 40∶01 and 58∶01. The common alleles in Nanjing, Huai’an and Suqian were rather similar, and the most common alleles were B*13∶02, 46∶01, 40∶01, 58∶01 and 51∶01. The common alleles in Yancheng were rather similar to Nanjing, Huai’an and Suqian, with only difference in the order of B*40∶01 and B*58∶01. The common alleles in Xuzhou were close to Nanjing, Huai’an and Suqian too, with only difference in the order of B*40∶01 and B*46∶01. 【Conclusion】 The results reflected the distribution of HLA-B alleles of Jiangsu Han population from 8 prefecture-level cities and the gene distribution was basically consistent with the regional distribution. The major difference in HLA-B locus in Jiangsu 8 prefecture-level cities was B * 13∶02 and B * 46∶01. The frequency of B * 13∶02 in Northern Jiangsu (Huai’an, Suqian, Xuzhou, Yancheng) is much higher than that of B * 46∶01, and that in Nanjing is slightly higher than the frequency of B * 46∶01, which is consistent with that in North China. The frequency of B * 46∶01 in Southern Jiangsu (Changzhou), Yangzhou and Zhenjiang is higher than that of B * 13∶02, which is consistent with that in South China. The polymorphism analysis of alleles at HLA-B locus in 8 cities in Jiangsu Province provided significant basic data for the study of the correlation between HLA-B locus genes and diseases, as well as the population genetics and anthropology in Jiangsu Han population.

Polymorphism analysis of HLA-DRB1 alleles in seven markets in Jiangsu Han population / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the frequencies of human leukocyte antigen ( HLA)-DRB1 alleles of Chinese Marrow Donor Program (CMDP) donors in seven markets of Jiangsu Han population. Methods 2787 donors from CMDP Jiangsu Branch were typed in HLA-DRB1 locus using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) method or polymerase chain reaction-reverse sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-rSSOP) method. Frequencies of HLA-DRB1 were separately calculated in seven markets and a comparison was made among them. Results A total of 38,33,26,36,37,31,26 alleles in DRB1 locus were separately found in Huai-an, Xuzhou, Taizhou, Suqian, Nanjing, Changzhou, Yangzhou population. The most frequent HLA-DRB1 alleles in Huai-an, Xuzhou, Suqian respectively were DRB1 * 07:01, 09:01, 15:01,12:02; In Nanjing and were DRB1 * 09:01,07:01, 15:01, 12:02; In Yangzhou were DRB1 * 09:01,07:01,15:01,08:03; In Taizhou were DRB1 *09:01, 07:01, 04:05, 15:01; In Changzhou were DRB1 *09:01,07:01, 12:02, 08:03. Conclusion The above results reflected the distribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles in seven markets of Jiangsu Han population, which held abundant polymorphism, and a certain uniqueness in every market. The HLA-DRB1 allele distribution of Nanjing, Yangzhou were the closest groups to northern China, Huaian, Xuzhou, Suqian, Changzhou, Taizhou were close to northern China except DRB1 * 09:01,07:01 in different frequencies. These findings could guide the selection of future donor in CMDP Jiangsu Branch. It also could serve as foundation for HLA related disease research, studies of population genetics and anthropology in Chinese Han population.

Expression of neuropeptide Y in rat testes and its significance / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assay the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in rat testes and to investigate the significance of NPY in the regulation of androgen production and spermatogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NPY mRNA levels in SD rat testes were measured by RT-PCR semi-quantity with beta-actin as internal control. NPY distribution was observed immunohistochemically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NPY gene expressed in the testes, showing the strong positive band in the PCR production electrophoresis gel. In the immunostaining slides, NPY was found positively expressed in the Leyding cell area and around the testicular vessels and tubules, but not in the seminiferous tubules.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There was positive expression of NPY in the rat testes, which showed that NPY played a direct role in the regulation of testicular function.</p>

Effect of LHRH crasis protein as vaccine on the reproductive function of male rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Trx-LHRH, a new GnRH crasis protein, on antibody production and male reproductive function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Trx-LHRH produced in vitro with a new crasis gene which crasised Trx gene and GnRH gene together, was used as vaccine, and hydroalaminum base as adjuvant, in adult SD rats. After 5 weeks of the first treatment, the same dosage was used again to enhance the effect of vaccine. Antibody level was measured by ELISA, and androgen level by RIA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Trx-LHRH induced successfully the polycolonal antibody at the level of 1 :1 280 approximately 2 560 after 4 weeks of the first treatment, and 1 : 2 000 after 6 weeks of the enhanced treatment. Testosterone level was reduced significantly (P < 0.01) by ELISA, but there was reasonable variation among individuals. Sperm count was also reduced by Trx-LHRH treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Trx-LHRH can be used as effective vaccine to induce antibody production, and at the same time, restrain the function of hypothatamas-pituitary-testis axis in vivo.</p>

Why is it difficult for PCR-SSP to determine some alleles at HLA-B locus? / 中国输血杂志

CG. And that was why SSP failed to determine the allele.Conclusion The difficulty in HLA genotyping by SSP resulted from the primers, which involved unknown sequence of Exon 1 at locus B in the studied sample.